Evidence of the rise of Mahayana Buddhism is Bengal from the 7th century onwards, Somapura Mahavira, or the Great Monastery, was a renowned intellectual centre until the 12th century. It influenced Buddhist architecture as far away as Cambodia. Located in Naogaon, the heart-land of ancient "Varendra", close to the village of Paharpur the extensive wreckage of the Buddhist monastic complex are the most spectacular and important pre-Islamic monument in Bangladesh. The monastery can be described as a large quadrangle measuring approximately 920 feet with the main entrance, an elaborate structure, on the northern side. Epigraphic records testify that the cultural and religious life of this great Vihara, were closely linked with the contemporary Buddhist centre of fame and history at Bohdgaya and Nalanda, many Buddhist treatises were completed at Paharpur, a centre where the Vajrayana trend of Mahayana Buddhism was practiced. Paharpur is the most spectacular and magnificent monument in Bangladesh and the second largest single Buddhist monastery on south the Himalayas.

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